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Importance

Apo E contains 299 amino acid residues. It is a 34-37 kDa glycosylated protein (Rall et al., 1983).

Apo E is involved with triglyceride, phospholipid, cholesteryl ester, and cholesterol transport in and out of cells and is a ligand for LDL receptors. Apo E has also been implicated in immune and nerve degeneration. It has been found to suppress lymphocyte proliferation. Late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease patients have been found to have a higher occurrence of one of the three common Apo E isoforms, Apo E4. The Apo E4 isoform has been detected in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer disease patients. Apo E4 is associated with rapid chylomicron-remnant clearance and increased total cholesterol levels.

Rall, S C, K H Weisgraber, T L Innerarity, T P Bersot, R W Mahley, and C B Blum. "Identification of a New Structural Variant of Human Apolipoprotein E, E2(Lys146 Leads to Gln), in a Type III Hyperlipoproteinemic Subject with the E3/2 Phenotype." Journal of Clinical Investigation 72.4 (1983): 1288-297.

Citations

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